中华人民共和国政府和古巴共和国政府贸易协定（1991年）
中国政府 古巴共和国政府
中华人民共和国政府和古巴共和国政府贸易协定
（签订日期１９９１年１月１６日 生效日期１９９１年１月１日）
中华人民共和国政府和古巴共和国政府，本着进一步加强两国人民友谊的愿望，为了在平等互利、进出口平衡的基础上发展两国间的贸易，达成协议如下：
第一条 自一九九一年一月一日至一九九五年十二月三十一日期间，中华人民共和国和古巴共和国间货物的交换应根据签订的年度议定书办理。在这些议定书内缔约双方将确定所交换商品的品名、数量或金额。
未列入这些议定书的商品亦可进行交换。
第二条 缔约一方从缔约另一方购买的商品应全部供国内消费。但根据两国的需要，缔约双方可以协商进行多边和转口贸易。
第三条 两国间相互供应的货物应在本协定和／或根据本协定第一条规定签订的议定书范围内，按照年度合同或长期合同办理。上述合同必须由对外贸易企业或两国各自授权的其他机构协商签订。
缔约双方应采取必要措施，及时确定主要的技术规格，以便签订交换商品，特别是制造期长的商品合同。在本协定和／或年度议定书范围内合同的签订及商品的交货，应根据两国外贸部一九六四年签订的交货共同条件办理。
第四条 商品的价格应由两国对外贸易企业以有关商品在主要国际市场上的价格为基础商订。
对没有国际市场价格的商品，由买卖双方在每次交易中自行商订价格。
第五条 缔约双方同意对征收进口、出口、转口、过境商品的关税及其附加税，国内税，领事费用，征收税费的办法以及海关关税规则和手续等方面相互给予无条件的最惠国待遇。
第六条 缔约双方同意，对免费赠送的专门用于洽谈交易的货样如无商业价值者免于征税。
同样，对递送的目录、价目表、商业消息、商品宣传资料包括商品宣传影片，免于征税。
第七条 缔约双方同意在各自现行的法律规章范围内，对进口下列商品暂时允许相互给予免征关税和其他赋税的待遇：
一、展览会和博览会所有的展品和用品；
二、专家和技术人员在修建工厂和技术服务中心所用的工具；
三、用于科学技术援助的器材、工具和资料。
对上述暂时允许免税进口的商品和物品及其免税期限应根据其不同的需要情况分别加以规定。
第八条 缔约双方的商船——指悬挂中华人民共和国国旗和古巴共和国国旗的商船——在进出和停留对方港口期间，在港务规章和港口业务包括船舶吨税方面应享受该国按法律给予悬挂第三国国旗船只的最优惠待遇。
此项规定不适用于沿海贸易和各种捕鱼活动，也不适用于两国政府为了保护和发展本国商船航业而作出的特殊规定。
缔约双方对下述有关船舶在对方港口从事运载旅客和货物的运输收入相互免征所得税和其他任何形式的税收：
一、悬挂中华人民共和国国旗或古巴共和国国旗，其运费受益人也是中华人民共和国或古巴共和国国籍的商船；
二、持有中华人民共和国或古巴共和国航运主管部门颁发的证件，证明为中华人民共和国或古巴共和国航运企业经营的悬挂第三国国旗的商船。
第九条 为了监督本协定的执行，在必要时，将由缔约双方代表组成混合委员会。
经贸混合委员会在任何一方要求下，可在本协定有效期内的每年度末举行会议。会议将轮流在北京和哈瓦那举行。
第十条 中华人民共和国和古巴共和国之间的贸易支付，应根据两国支付协定的规定办理。
第十一条 缔约双方同意在本协定期满时，本协定的规定对在本协定有效期内按协定签订的合同仍然有效，直到合同规定的义务全部履行完毕为止。
第十二条 一九八０年十二月二十日签订的贸易协定自一九九一年一月一日起失效，由该协定产生的一切交易、权利和义务转至本协定履行。
第十三条 为使两国间的贸易继续以相互满意的方式进行，缔约双方应于本协定期满前三个月内开始商谈。
第十四条 本协定的有效期自一九九一年一月一日起至一九九五年十二月三十一日止。
各方根据本国法律对本协定法律手续的适时履行不影响其有效期。
本协定于一九九一年一月十六日在北京签订，共两份，每份都用中文和西班牙文写成，两种文本具有同等效力。
中华人民共和国政府 古巴共和国政府
代 表 代 表
李岚清 里卡多·卡布里萨斯
（签字） （签字）
中华人民共和国律师暂行条例(附英文)
全国人民代表大会常务委员会
中华人民共和国律师暂行条例(附英文)
全国人大常委会
（一九八0年八月二十六日第五届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十五次会议通议）
目 录
第一章 律师的任务和权利
第二章 律师资格
第三章 律师的工作机构
第四章 附则
第一章 律师的任务和权利
第一条 律师是国家的法律工作者，其任务是对国家机关、企业事业单位、社会团体、人民公社和公民提供法律帮助，以维护法律的正确实施，维护国家、集体的利益和公民的合法权益。
第二条 律师的主要业务如下：
（一）接受国家机关、企业事业单位、社会团体、人民公社的聘请，担任法律顾问。
（二）接受民事案件当事人的委托，担任代理人参加诉讼。
（三）接受刑事案件被告人的委托或者人民法院的指定，担任辩护人；接受自诉案件自诉人、公诉案件被害人及其近亲属的委托，担任代理人，参加诉讼。
（四）接受非诉讼事件当事人的委托，提供法律帮助，或者担任代理人，参加调解、仲裁活动。
（五）解答关于法律的询问，代写诉讼文书和其它有关法律事务的文书。
律师应当通过全部业务活动，宣传社会主义法制。
第三条 律师进行业务活动，必须以事实为根据，以法律为准绳，忠实于社会主义事业和人民的利益。
律师依法执行职务，受国家法律保护，任何单位、个人不得干涉。
第四条 律师担任法律顾问的责任，是为聘请单位就业务上的法律问题提供意见，草拟、审查法律事务文书，代理参加诉讼、调解或者仲裁活动，维护聘请单位的合法权益。
第五条 律师担任诉讼和非诉讼事件代理人的责任，是在所受委托的权限内，维护委托人的合法权益。
律师在代理权限内的诉讼行为和法律行为，与委托人自己的诉讼行为和法律行为有同等效力。
第六条 律师担任刑事辩护人的责任，是根据事实和法律，维护被告人的合法权益。
律师认为被告人没有如实陈述案情，有权拒绝担任辩护人。
第七条 律师参加诉讼活动，有权依照有关规定，查阅本案材料，向有关单位、个人调查。律师担任刑事辩护人时，可以同在押的被告人会见和通信。
律师进行前款所列活动，有关单位、个人有责任给予支持。
律师对于在业务活动中接触的国家机密和个人阴私，有保守秘密的责任。
第二章 律师资格
第八条 热爱中华人民共和国，拥护社会主义制度，有选举权和被选举权的下列公民，经考核合格，可以取得律师资格，担任律师：
（一）在高等院校法律专业毕业，并且做过两年以上司法工作、法律教学工作或者法学研究工作的；
（二）受过法律专业训练，并且担任过人民法院审判、人民检察院检察员的；
（三）受过高等教育，做过三年以上经济、科技等工作，熟悉本专业以及与本专业有关的法律、法令，并且经过法律专业训练，适合从事律师工作的；
（四）其他具有本条第（一）项或第（二）项所列人员的法律业务水平，并具有高等学校文化水平，适合从事律师工作的。
第九条 取得律师资格，须经省、自治区、直辖市司法厅（局）考核批准，发给律师证书，并报中华人民共和国司法部备案。司法部发现审批不当的，应当通知司法厅（局）重新审查。
第十条 取得律师资格的人员不能脱离本职的，可以担任兼职律师。兼职律师所在单位应当给予支持。
人民法院、人民检察院、人民公安机关的现职人员不得兼做律师工作。
第十一条 高等院校法律专业毕业生或者经过法律专业训练的人员，经省、自治区、直辖市司法厅（局）考核批准，可以担任实习律师。
实习律师的实习期为两年。实习期满，依照本条例第九条规定的程序，授予律师资格；考核不合格的，可以延长其实习期。
第十二条 律师严重不称职的，得经省、自治区、直辖市司法厅（局）决定，报司法部批准，取消其律师资格。
第三章 律师的工作机构
第十三条 律师执行职务的工作机构是法律顾问处。
法律顾问处是事业单位。受国家司法行政机关的组织领导和业务监督。
第十四条 法律顾问处按县、市、市辖区设立。必要时，经司法部批准，可以设立专业性的法律顾问处。
法律顾问处之间没有隶属关系。
第十五条 法律顾问处的主要任务，是领导律师开展业务工作，组织律师学习政治和法律业务知识，总结、交流律师的工作经验。
第十六条 法律顾问处设主任一人，根据需要，可以设副主任。主任、副主任均由本处律师选举产生，报经省、自治区、直辖市司法厅（局）批准，任期为三年，连选得连任。
法律顾问处主任、副主任领导法律顾问处的工作，并且必须执行律师职务。
第十七条 律师承办业务，由法律顾问处统一接受委托，并且统一收费。
法律顾问处给律师分配任务，应当根据实际条件尽量满足委托人的指名要求。
第十八条 法律顾问处可以指派律师到外地进行业务活动，当地法律顾问处应当给予帮助。
第十九条 为维护律师的合法权益，交流工作经验，促进律师工作的开展，增进国内外法律工作者的联系，建立律师协会。
律师协会是社会团体。组织章程由律师协会制订。
第四章 附 则
第二十条 律师职称标准、律师奖惩规定和律师收费办法，由司法部另行制订。
第二十一条 本条例自一九八二年一月一日起施行。
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
INTERIM REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON LAWYERS
(Adopted at the 15th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the
Fifth National People's Congress and promulgated by Order No. 5 of the
Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on August 26, 1980,
and effective as of January 1, 1982)
Contents
Chapter I The Task and Rights of Lawyers
Chapter II The Qualifications of Lawyers
Chapter III Business Organizations of Lawyers
Chapter IV Supplementary Provisions
Chapter I The Task and Rights of Lawyers
Article 1
Lawyers are state legal workers whose task is to give legal assistance to
state organs, enterprises and institutions, public organizations, people's
communes and citizens in order to ensure the correct implementation of the
law and protect the interests of the state and collectives as well as the
lawful rights and interests of citizens.
Article 2
The principal duties of lawyers shall be:
(1) to accept the mandate of state organs, enterprises and institutions,
public organizations and people's communes to serve as their legal
advisers;
(2) to accept the mandate of a party to a civil action to serve as his
representative in litigation;
(3) to accept the mandate of a defendant or the assignment of a people's
court to serve as his defender in a criminal case; to accept the mandate
of a private prosecutor or of the victim and his near relatives in a
public prosecution to serve as their representative in litigation;
(4) to accept the mandate of a party in a nonlitigious matter to give
legal assistance or serve as its representative in mediation or
arbitration;
(5) to give consultative advice on legal questions and draft documents in
connection with litigation or other legal matters.
Lawyers shall publicize the socialist legal system through all their
professional activities.
Article 3
In performing their duties, lawyers shall serve the cause of socialism and
the interests of the people, act on the basis of facts and take the law as
the criterion. In the performance of their functions according to law,
lawyers shall be protected by the law of the state, subject to no
interference by any organization or individual.
Article 4
When being retained by an organization as its legal adviser, a lawyer
shall have the responsibility to give advice on legal questions arising
from the client organization, draft and examine legal documents for it,
represent it in litigation, mediation or arbitration, and safeguard its
lawful rights and interests.
Article 5
When acting as representatives in litigation and nonlitigious matters,
lawyers shall have the responsibility to safeguard the lawful rights and
interests of the client within the scope of the mandate.
Within the scope of the mandate, the lawyer's procedural and legal acts
shall have the same effect as those of the client.
Article 6
When acting as defenders in criminal cases, lawyers shall have the
responsibility to safeguard the lawful rights and interests of the
defendants on the basis of facts and the law. A lawyer may refuse to act
as the defender of a defendant if he believes that the defendant has not
truthfully stated the facts of the case to him.
Article 7
In legal proceedings, lawyers shall have the right, to consult the
materials of the case and may make enquiries from organizations and
persons concerned in accordance with relevant regulations. When acting as
defenders in criminal cases, lawyers may meet and correspond with the
defendants held in custody.
The organizations and persons concerned shall have the duty to render
assistance to the lawyers engaged in the activities mentioned in the
preceding paragraph. Lawyers shall have the responsibility to keep
confidential state secrets and matters of personal privacy which they come
into contact with in their work.
Chapter II The Qualifications of Lawyers
Article 8
The undermentioned citizens who cherish the People's Republic of China,
support the socialist system and have the right to vote and stand for
election shall be eligible as lawyers after passing an examination:
(1) those who have graduated from law faculties of universities or
colleges and have been engaged for two or more years in judicial work,
legal instruction or jurisprudential studies;
(2) those who have had professional legal training and have worked as
judges in people's court or as procurators in people's procuratorates;
(3) those who have received college education, have completed three or
more years of economic, scientific and technological work, are proficient
in their professions and the relevant laws and decrees thereof, and have
gone through professional legal training and who are fit for the work of a
lawyer; and
(4) those who have attained the same level of knowledge of practical legal
work as is required of persons prescribed in Items (1) and (2) above and
the same level of learning as is given by college education and who are
fit for the work of a lawyer.
Article 9
To be eligible as a lawyer, a person must be examined and approved by the
judicial department (bureau) of a province, autonomous region, or
municipality directly under the Central Government and issued a lawyer's
certificate, and a report shall be made to the Ministry of Justice of the
People's Republic of China for the record. Upon discovery of an improper
examination and approval, the Ministry of Justice shall instruct the
relevant judicial department (bureau) to conduct a reexamination.
Article 10
Those who are eligible as lawyers but are unable to leave their present
positions to practise law may act as part-time lawyers. The current
organizations in which they are working shall support such arrangements.
Personnel presently attached to the people's courts, people's
procuratorates and people's public security organs may not act as part-
time lawyers.
Article 11
Those who have graduated from law faculties of universities or colleges or
have gone through professional legal training may act as apprentice
lawyers after examination and approval by the judicial departments
(bureaus) of provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly
under the Central Government.
The training period for apprentice lawyers shall be two years. Upon
completion of the training period, apprentice lawyers shall be given
lawyers credentials in accordance with the procedure prescribed in Article
9 of these Regulations; the training period may be extended if an
apprentice lawyer fails to pass the examination.
Article 12
Lawyers who are incompetent shall be disqualified as lawyers by decision
of the judicial departments (bureaus) of provinces, autonomous regions, or
municipalities directly under the Central Government and with the approval
of the Ministry of Justice.
Chapter III Business Organizations of Lawyers
Article 13
Legal advisory offices shall be the business organizations from which
lawyers perform their duties.
Legal advisory offices shall be public institutions under the
organizational leadership and professional supervision of the judicial
administrative organs of the state.
Article 14
Legal advisory offices shall be established in counties, cities and
municipal districts. When necessary, specialized legal advisory offices
may be established with the approval of the Ministry of Justice.
Legal advisory offices shall not be subordinate to one another.
Article 15
The principal functions of a legal advisory office shall be to direct
lawyers in the development of their professional work, to organize their
political studies and professional studies in law and to sum up and
exchange their work experience.
Article 16
A legal advisory office shall have one director and may have deputy
directors where necessary. The director and deputy directors shall be
elected by the lawyers in that office, subject to approval by the judicial
department (bureau) of a province, autonomous region, or municipality
directly under the Central Government. They shall be elected for a term of
three years and may be re-elected to successive terms in office. The
director and deputy director(s) of a legal advisory office shall direct
the work of the office and at the same time perform their duties as
lawyers.
Article 17
The mandates for lawyers to handle cases shall be accepted and service
fees collected exclusively by the legal advisory office.
In the distribution of cases to lawyers, the legal advisory office shall,
as best as possible and according to actual conditions, assign lawyers as
requested by clients.
Article 18
A legal advisory office may appoint lawyers to carry out professional
activities in other localities, and the legal advisory office there shall
provide them with assistance.
Article 19
A lawyers association shall be established to protect the lawful rights
and interests of lawyers, to exchange work experience, to further the
progress of lawyers work and to promote contacts between legal workers
both at home and abroad.
The lawyers association is a social organization. It shall formulate its
own articles of association.
Chapter IV Supplementary Provisions
Article 20
The standards for the title of lawyer, the regulations on awards and
penalties for lawyers and the measures for the collection of service fees
shall be stipulated separately by the Ministry of Justice.
Article 21
These Regulations shall go into effect on January 1, 1982.
1980年8月26日
